ECOLOGY

Ecotone ECOLOGY IN EUROPE TIMELINE

1987

Frochot, Lobreau

A gradient zone that has different properties than the adjacent areas.

Burgundy, France
1988

Di Castri

A zone where spatial or temporal rates of change in ecological structure or function are rapid relative to rates across the landscape as a whole.

Global
1991

Holland

A zone of transition between adjacent ecological systems, having a set of characteristics uniquely defined by space and time scales and by the strength of interactions between adjacent ecological systems.

Global
1992

Begon & Fitter

A transitional area between two ecological communities often with unique species and traits.

London
2006

Kark

Marginal spaces or central hubs of biodiversity and speciation.

Southern Africa, Middle East & Global Scale
2006

Kark

Spatial zone or area that physically represents the gradient of change between two distinct ecosystems.

Southern Africa, Middle East & Global Scale
2012

Legendre

A transition area between two adjacent and different patches of landscape, such as forest and grassland.

Netherlands